Interferências no comportamento degradativo de resíduos orgânicos associados às concentrações de gases gerados em um biorreator de bancada.

Abstract

Among the main problems associated with lack of proper management of solid waste in Brazil, is the improper disposal on the environment and, given that about 50-60% of this is made up of organic matter that undergoes biodegradation generating leachate and greenhouse gases, contaminating soil, water and air. In this sense, it is necessary to apply methods that can be used as treatment alternatives. One alternative that has stood out in this regard is the use of anaerobic bioreactors using Organic Waste Solids (RSO) in the generation of biogas, considered as a source of renewable energy. However, some factors may influence the process efficiency and the gas concentrations generated, including environmental factors, physical, chemical and microbiological. This study aimed to evaluate the influence of the main factors involved in the anaerobic treatment of putrescible organic fraction of municipal solid waste and the gas concentrations generated during the process. The methodology used in the research consisted of making and instrumentation of a bioreactor of 0.03 m3 of volume bench, which were carried out monitoring gas concentration and analysis of physical, chemical and microbiological parameters for a period of 355 days. From the analysis of the results, we found that the large variations of some parameters such as temperature and pH at the beginning of the process may have slowed the production of gases, however, the changes of these factors were not enough to cause the interruption of anaerobic degradation process of waste, since methane concentrations were expected for this kind of process running at about 60%. Thus, it was possible to conclude that the factors involved in the anaerobic digestion process of organic residues analyzed in this work contributed positively to the biogas constituent gases presented average concentrations within expected range for this type of process.