Estudo dos recalques em aterros de resíduos sólidos urbanos: uma abordagem experimental e estatística.

Abstract

The analysis of the behavior of Urban Solid Waste requires the carrying out of studies of high complexity, due to the heterogeneity of the residues. Making the development of studies in experimental cells that simulate the same conditions that a real-scale landfill undergoes. These studies may contribute to the analysis or understanding of the mechanical and biological behavior of the residues, providing subsidies for the prediction of the useful life and the elaboration of projects of landfill. The repression corresponds to one of the parameters that best expresses the behavior of the residues over time. In landfills, any modification of natural or mechanical order reflects the occurrence of recharge, causing a reduction in the volume of waste through the expulsion of percolating liquids and gases generated by the degradation. Many factors are involved in this process, and predicting the remediation from theoretical models, besides favoring the operation of landfills, can avoid environmental catastrophes. In view of this problem, the objective of this work was to analyze the behavior of landfill settlements of urban solid waste, through experimental and statistical studies, to verify the fit of the data to theoretical prediction models. The methodology involved several stages of execution, from the construction of the experimental cell, geotechnical studies, characterization and monitoring of the residues, in situ measurements of superficial and deep settlements, and adjustment of the experimental data to theoretical models of repression, through the interactive methods of Gauss-Newton, for non-linear functions. After the studies, it was observed that the physical, geomechanical and biological characteristics of the Campina Grande / PB residues had great influence in obtaining the total repression of 0.77 m, that is, in two years of monitoring, the landfill in experimental scale deformed approximately 25% of the mass in relation to its initial height. The adjustments defined by the research demonstrated, for 95% confidence, that the behavior of the residues studied presented an acceptable similarity with all the theoretical models of repression tested. Therefore, the adjusted models, besides being able to determine the volumetric capacity of the landfill and its useful life, are able to size and / or design landfills at different scales, both for the city of Campina Grande / PB and for landfills of any other with similar characteristics.