Organização textual-discursiva da redação do ENEM (2010-2014).

Abstract

Whereas, in the Brazilian educational context, the National Secondary Education Examination (ENEM) is characterized by allowing the access of students to universities and, specifically, the test writing has eliminatory character, this work aims to analyze the structure textual-discursive the wording of ENEM (2010-2014) through the compositional description of the text - its sequels, construction textuality (cohesion and coherence) and thematic content. For this, we constructed a corpus of thirty essays whose collection was performed on material from public textual document, available on the internet. Paying attention to this analysis, the text design is not configured as a random jumble of phrases, but it is understood in its communicative unit, ie in the process of production and reception (MARCUSCHI, 2008). Therefore, this work is based on the contributions of textual Linguistics (BENTES, 2001; FÁVERO and KOCH, 2012; MARCUSCHI, 2008; KOCH, 2009); and argumentative nature Text (GARCIA, 1982; KOCH, 1987; PERELMAN and OLBRECHTS-TYTECA, 2005; J. M. ADAM, 2008; BRONCKART, 2012). In light of these concepts, it seeks to describe and analyze: the thematic content; textuality (cohesion and coherence); typological sequences; types of arguments and; argumentative strategies. The study is justified because it seeks the understanding of text organization, as it seeks to analyze and describe how the candidate meets the required textual organization structure; subsidizes the process of learning this as important text, given that the participant runs the risk of being penalized with a score of zero (0) if they do not obey the dissertative-argumentative text and type; assists the teacher in the choice of writing teaching strategies, since the requirements present in the writing of ESMS lead reformulations in the education system, curricula and planning, day-to-day classroom. Our results indicate that in the textual-discursive structure described and analyzed in newsrooms ENEM (2010-2014) correspond to the organization's draft proposal, as well as to what is expected of argumentative-argumentative text, or precisely their sequences, but also feature a dynamic recurrence of gender, because applicants blend, for example, the simultaneous occurrence of the intervention proposed and the very conclusion. Thus print in their texts peculiarities that are consolidated in Marcuschi (2006) names as fluidity of gender.