Fatores determinantes para o diagnóstico da anemia ferropriva em gestantes brasileiras: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Iron­deficiency anemia is a worrying deficiency disease with considerable prevalence, as it affects all social groups, regardless of economic and demographic factors, and can lead to several consequences, especially in pregnant women, being a public that presents numerous vulnerabilities. Therefore, this work aimed to carry out a survey of studies that addressed the determining factors for the diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia in Brazilian pregnant women. Therefore, an integrative review was carried out in the databases: Scielo, PubMed, LILACS and Periódicos Capes, using the combination of keywords: iron deficiency; prenatal care; complete blood count. A total of 12.907 publications were identified, which after applying the eligibility and exclusion criteria resulted in 16 articles selected to compose the present study, these being from the period from 2002 to 2022. In view of the above, the results showed that the most used parameter for have a laboratory diagnosis of iron deficiency anemia was the hemoglobin being less than 11g/dL, however, in order for it to be performed in a reliable, safe and accurate way, the ideal is to combine it with other laboratory markers, such as: blood count, visualizing in addition to hemoglobin, hematimetric indices; and the parameters to assess iron status, being serum iron; serum ferritin; the transferrin receptor, transferrin saturation and total iron binding capacity essential for this situation. Furthermore, the clinical diagnosis, combined with the laboratory, helps to confirm the suspicion of iron deficiency anemia, the main clinical symptoms being: tiredness, apathy and tachycardia, evidenced only when the individual has the disease. Effective treatment of iron deficiency anemia consists of identifying the cause and replacing iron. Thus, even with well­known causes and treatment, we understand that the prevalence and, therefore, the prevention of this anemia is quite relevant, since prenatal care and laboratory tests are determining factors for the accurate diagnosis in pregnant women, and this phase of pregnancy a great protective factor for iron deficiency anemia. In view of this, it was verified that adequate follow­up in prenatal consultations from the beginning of pregnancy is of paramount importance, in order to maintain a good quality of women's health during the gestational period, being of fundamental importance an integral and constant, in which the trained professionals guided the patients in a consistent way.