Efeitos colaterais de anestésicos pós cirurgia: uma revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Surgical procedures that involve manually cutting or suturing tissues are called surgeries. These procedures are used to ease the pain caused by accidents suffered or some illness, which depending on the patient's situation, may or may not require urgent intervention. To perform these procedures, anesthetic drugs are used in order to relieve pain in the face of the situation. Based on this, this study aimed to identify the contribution of national and international scientific production on the side effects presented by post-surgery patients related to anesthetics. An integrative literature review was carried out with materials published between 2015 and 2022 consulted in the databases: Medline, Pubmed, Lilacs, Scielo, Google Scholar and in national and international health committees. The following terms and combinations were used for the search: 1) Anesthetic; 2) Surgical procedures; 3) Side effects of anesthetics. Data collection took place from May to October 2022, and after analysis, 16 articles published in journals were used. The types of anesthetics most cited in the studies were thiopentanal sodium, midazolam, ketamine, profanol, morphine, fentamyl, remifentamil, tramadol, amacurium, mivacurium, vecuronium, rocuronium, cisatracurium and suxamethonium. The most identified side effects were vomiting, nausea, headache, hallucinations, nightmares, cognitive and recent memory changes, hypotension, irritation of the airways (cough, laryngeal spasms), and increased intracranial pressure. To minimize such side effects, drugs have been combined and applied to patients who have had some type of reaction. Finally, it is emphasized that the proposed objectives were met, bringing relevant information and developments on the subject through the literature studied.