Análise dos efeitos do uso e ocupação do solo na microbacia Juazeiro do Norte CE.

Abstract

The accelerated growth of urban areas results in a reduction in permeability of the soil, a factor that leads to the emergence of drainage problems urban. Several urban centers in Brazil suffer from floods and floods due to lack of urban planning, an example is the city of Juazeiro do Norte, located in the state of Ceará, which faces recurrent floods, endangering the lives and the health of its inhabitants. Thus, this study aimed to identify the problems of land use and occupation resulting from the accelerated process of urbanization of the city of Juazeiro do Norte-CE, using Soil methods Conservation Service (SCS) and Santa Barbara. For the development of the study Three scenarios were considered, covering the years: 1991, 2006 and 2021. Initially, land use and occupation were determined in each scenario, using the QGIS software. Then, the heavy rainfall equation was defined (method of Gumbel) and excess rainfall (Huff method). Finally, the impacts of the urban growth in the Juazeiro do Norte hydrographic sub-basin, through the verification of design flows determined by the SCS and Santa Bárbara methods. With the study of land use and occupation, it was possible to verify that over the years years there has been a significant increase in the urban area (growth of 35% from 2006 to 2021), a factor that contributed to the increase in the impermeable area and reduction of time concentration of the hydrographic sub-basin. In the study of design flows, it was found that both for the SCS method and for the Santa Bárbara method, there is a increase in peak flow over the years. From these results, it was possible verify that the urbanization process contributed to the reduction of areas permeable in the Juazeiro do Norte-CE microbasin, resulting in the increase in project flows, responsible for flooding in the city.