Análise sanitária e vigor de linhagens de sementes de soja (Glycine max (L.) Merr).

Abstract

Looking at the current global scenario, Glycine max (L.) Merr. production and comercialization overcome all worldwide parameters. This oilseed is the most cultivated in the world, reaching over 355,588 milion tons of soybeans in the 2021/22 crop, which 123.829,5 milion tons where produced by Brazil. The soybean crop stands out in the alimentary field, biofuels, animal feeding and raw material to many products. The soybean culture it’s attacked by many fungal, bacterial and viral diseases, besides nematodes, but the fungi infection it’s the most harmful, considering it’s impact to the soybean production. In that matter, it is necessary a sanitary, vigor and viability diagnose, to clarify to the produtor which variety it’s healthier and vigorous to obtain great production levels. Blotter test and tetrazolium test are the most recomended tests to mesure sanity and vigor of seeds due to the precision and speed, becoming an indispensable alternative to large seed production and to avoid the propagation of pathogens in healthy areas. The objective of this paper was to analyse the sanitary quality and vigour of seven different strains through the identification of seedborne fungi in the soybean culture; and to analyse the physiological quality, vigor and viability using the tetrazolium test. The seeds were donated by a private company, didn’t received any treatments and were stored in paper bags until the testing. In the sanity test were distributed in ten replicates of tweenty seeds for each strain. In the tetrazolium test, a hundred seeds were submerged in 0,075% of tetrazolium salt, as the methodology for G. max reccommends. In the soybean strains were identified the fungal species: Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Penicillium sp., Fusarium sp., Cercospora sp. and Chaetomium sp. The biggest incidence values of Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were found in the 6; 7 and 5 strains, with 70; 70 and 7%, respectively. The strains 1 and 5 showed the most incidence of Fusarium sp. (5%). Strain 7 showed the biggest incidence of A. flavus, however, the pathogen showed no significant losses of vigour, due to strain 7 showed the biggest vigor (84%) and viability (93%), of all seven strains of soybean seeds.