A distribuição socioespecial dos casos de COVID-19 na cidade de Jacobina- BA e sua interface com as áreas de maior concentração cadastral do cadúnico e outras variáveis sociodemográficas.

Abstract

The Covid-19 pandemic is one of the greatest health challenges of this century. In Brazil, the expansion of the pandemic acquired important and unique features, mainly due to the diversity and plurality of physical, social, political and economic characteristics of our country in its continental dimensions. With regard to the analysis of the socioeconomic and demographic implications of the pandemic, despite the vast scientific production on Covid-19 at the international level, gaps in knowledge were observed in Latin American countries, especially when it is proposed to delve into the intra-municipal nuances of regions such as the Northeast. . In view of this, the present study aimed to characterize the socio-spatial distribution of Covid- 19 cases in the city of Jacobina-BA and its interface with the areas of greater cadastral concentration of the Unified Registry of Social Programs (CadÚnico), and other demographic variables. In methodological terms, it was an exploratory study, with an ecological design, of a socio-spatial and temporal series. The study was based on the construction of thematic cartograms from the use of free software specialized in the elaboration of maps, Qgis version 3.20.2. The field of study was the city of Jacobina-BA. The following variables were analyzed: Total population, demographic density by area, population of elderly people aged 60 or over (BAHIA, 2020a), and from CadÚnico (2019) Distribution of people in beneficiary families of the Bolsa Família Program, total number of families in of extreme poverty, total number of families benefited by the Bolsa Família Program. With regard to the data concerning the pandemic, it was the number of cases of covid-19 distributed in two moments (1st and 2nd wave). The systematized data culminated in the production of choropleth maps which were submitted to spatial analyzes that sought to capture trends and patterns in the areas, as well as the presence of aggregated rates. The main results showed the areas with the highest concentration of elderly people, the distribution of the population in general, the areas with the highest number of people in extreme poverty and\ or beneficiaries of social programs (PBF) in the city, contrasting them with the areas higher expression of the disease. When trying to integrate the variables mentioned above producing a synthetic indicator, the strategy had limitations, as it was not possible to identify clear patterns of expression of the relationship between disease and sensitive variables in the different neighborhoods\sectors under analysis. The results also indicate the need and possibility of refinement of the quantitative analyses, the increase of qualitative analyses, the expansion of the time scale of analysis and the inclusion of new important variables, such as: distribution of health devices and other equipment considered essential services, population aging index, demographic density and others, in order to better elucidate the phenomenon in question. Finally, the conclusions reiterate the importance of studies of this nature for ordering and planning actions within the scope of various public policies, which demands interdisciplinary research efforts, which also include contributions from Social Work.