Revisão de alguns métodos de avaliação de projetos de transporte.

Abstract

Traditionally, until the 1960 decade, transportation projects were evaluated only under the economic point of view, through monocriteriai evaluation methods. Traditional methods are easily understandable and are classified in two groups: the first group is based on benefit and cost relations; the second, on cost and effectivity relations. However, due to the increasing need to include in the evaluation several tangible and intangible factors relevant to the decision process that were not taken into account by the traditional methods are more efficient and are largely used in decision making by the scientific community. The use of multicriterial methods made possible the construction of more realistic models. The multicriterial evaluation method under consideration, The Analytic Hierarchy Process - AHP, fits well in the modern decision process requirements. Among the several advantages of multicriterial methods, there is the possibility of taking under consideration, at the same time, quantitative as well as qualitative factors, besides the capacity of simultaneously considering a wide set of criteria and of representing their multicriterial analysis in matrix form. Multicriterial evaluation methods surpass the shortcomings of traditional methods and give rise to more conperation between evafuators and decision makers since there are steps in the evaluation process in which both have to work together. Thus, the decision process becomes more stimulant and has more chance of becoming more efficient. In this work, an analysis of traditional methods, multicriterial methods, and multivariate methods of economic evaluation is made. Though the latter are not directly involved in the evaluation, they are a tool that helps in the analysis of the variables.