Reflexão acerca da influência das cotas de gênero nas eleições para assembleia Lesgislativa da Paraíba.

Abstract

Considering that there are many adversities faced by women to enter the political sphere, this scenario results in low female participation in legislative houses in Brazil. To alleviate the situation of gender inequality in politics, the Brazilian legislation implemented gender quotas. More than two decades have passed and the quotas have not had the expected effect, as women occupy only 15 of the seats in the National Congress. This work aims to analyze the ineffectiveness of gender quotas for the position of state deputy in the state of Paraíba. In order to develop such analysis, three main sources were used, namely, the Superior Electoral Court (TSE), the Regional Electoral Court of Paraíba (TRE-PB) and the Legislative Assembly of Paraíba (ALPB). In the research, statistical and quantitative data were addressed, in relation to female candidates and elected women since 1982 in the state of Paraíba. It was discovered, through the research, an increase in female candidacies after the mandatory gender quotas with the enactment of Law 12.034/3009. The year with the greatest impact of gender quotas on state deputy elections in Paraíba took place shortly after the entry into force of Law 9,504/1997. In the 1998 elections, seven women were elected in Paraíba, more than the double of the previous election, in which only three women were elected. In 2002, six women were elected, in 2006, only 4. In 2010, once again six female candidates were elected, but in 2014 there were only 3. In 2018, five women were elected. Regarding quantitative data, the candidates are, in most cases, married. Most of the women elected since 1994 are married and have completed higher education, with professional experience that deals directly with the public. After the analysis it is understood that the gender quotas did not correspond in a satisfactory way, it is concluded that the underrepresentation of the Legislative Assembly of Paraíba still persists, with a legislature with five (six) women elected from the 36 seats in dispute and an electorate composed of 53% of women, according to TSE data. Therefore, it is pertinent to disclose the analyzed data, for the general knowledge of the electorate, especially women, so that they can know who may be representing their interests in the spaces of power.