Uso do fogo na agricultura e seus efeitos sobre o solo: revisão.

Abstract

The present work addresses the themes "use of fire" and "burning in agriculture," aiming to investigate, in the specialized literature, information about the effects of burning on soil and agroecological alternatives to reduce the practice. A broad literature review was carried out, surveying national and foreign databases, books, articles, monographs, dissertations, and theses. A literature search was carried out in the databases Periódico Capes/Mec (Scielo), Scientific Eletronic Library Online and Scopus (Elsevier), in a random manner, with different years of publication, using the descriptors "burning", "burning and soil", "burning and agriculture" and "burning and agroecology". The theoretical bibliographical research followed the following steps: selection of terms to locate preliminary material; search for referenced material; identification, reading (translation of the texts), classification of the material found; and finally, final analysis of the information gathered for the organization of the study. XX national and XX international articles that met the inclusion criteria were selected, in addition to XX books, XX dissertations, and XX end-of-course monographs. It was found that the practice of burning unwanted vegetation to prepare land for sowing or other agricultural activities is common in countries around the world. As for the understanding that the practice of burning affects soil properties, there is consensus in all the works, which cite damage to the physical, chemical and biological properties of the soil, with emphasis on the damage to edaphic fauna, especially microfauna, which is responsible for fundamental ecosystem services for soil fertility, in addition to the loss of soil organic matter, with serious damage to agroecosystems. As alternatives to reduce the use of burning, the preventive activities of environmental education and soil education were listed, in addition to safety measures, guidance from the competent bodies, and disciplinary measures established by law.