Prevalência da síndrome da apneia obstrutiva do sono em gestantes de alto risco atendidas no ISEA - Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, also called OSAS, is a sleep-related respiratory disorder. Its main characteristic is recurrent episodes of partial or total obstruction of the upper airways during sleep, with reduction (hypopnea) or complete cessation (apnea) of airflow, desaturation and awakening during sleep. As a result, there may be manifestations such as daytime sleepiness with functional impairment in daily activities and increased risk of traffic accidents. In addition, the patient has more morbidities such as: cardiovascular diseases (hypertension, coronary artery disease, arrhythmias, stroke), metabolic syndrome and diabetes. This study is extremely important to raise the prevalence of the probability of developing OSAS among highrisk pregnant women by identifying aggravating factors such as obesity and complaints of sleep disorder using the Berlin Questionnaire and Epworth Scale in pregnant women as a screening method. The objective of this study was to evaluate the prevalence of obstructive sleep apnea during pregnancy in high-risk pregnant women attended at the Instituto de Saúde Elpídio de Almeida (ISEA), as well as cardiovascular and gestational comorbidities. This is a quantitative descriptive study, which evaluated the risk of developing OSAS in pregnant women using the Berlin questionnaire, Epworth sleepiness scale, socioeconomic surveys and data that contribute to assess risk factors such as obesity, excessive daytime sleepiness and snoring. A total of 100 high-risk pregnant women were interviewed. Through the application of the Berlin questionnaire, 28% of the pregnant women were considered to be at high risk for OSAS (p = 0.0). Among them, 75% were obese (n = 21). The vast majority of patients at high risk for OSAS were in the third trimester of gestation (53%). It was possible to conclude that risk factors such as obesity and excessive daytime sleepiness are linked to a higher risk of OSAS risk, as well as advanced stages of pregnancy. It is evident that more accurate studies are needed on the subject, in order to create diagnostic strategies and to prevent the diseases.