Caracterização das tipologias de construção e condições de conforto ambiental das instalações avícolas na mesorregião do agreste paraibano.

Abstract

The work has been developed on poultry in a highly industrial activity requiring continuing innovations, in order to increase productivity without, however, raise the production cost. In the recent years, installations proper to poultry breeding have been remarkable mainly due to breeding density raise, targeting to master working power, equipment, transportation, technical assistance, and moreover, location in order to attend the meat demanded by the market. This work has a its aim to work out a research about the main typology features of existing aviary in the inner region of "Agreste da Paraíba", and evaluate environmental thermal comfort conditions in the main conditioning systems in use, making a relation with productive rates, since the works ever conducted in Brazil have been, at most, in the southern and southeastern regions, ant there are no data about this subject in the northeastern region. The thermal conditioning system used were as follow: asbestos roof with no artificial ventilation, clay roof with no artificial ventilation, asbestos roof with artificial ventilation, clay roof with artificial ventilation, asbestos roof with artificial ventilation and nebulization, clay roof with artificial nebulization and asbestos roof with artificial ventilation and aspersion over the roof, in summer condition, having as basis, environmental thermal comfort, according to air temperature, relative air humidity, black globe temperature e humidity, and for the thermal radiation load The poultry productive performance was evaluated according to feeding, daily weight gain, feeding conversion, alive weight and mortality rate. Having this study as a basis, we observed that aviaries are highly designed in short dimensions for length and width, with low housing density. Most of the hangars are located in east-west direction, with sort distance among the aviaries, they have cemented floor, triangle-fashioned roof, wooden structure to support roof, lack of some superposed roof, low height, small edges and tall walls, besides, they got vegetal coverings and other tings proper to the surrounding environment. About, the equipments, we observed that the main heat source is GLP gas, added to automatic suspended drinking fountains, manual feeders, and about 50% of the hangars have ventilators, but a little percentage of those is associated to nebulizators. About the environmental conditions systems, there has been a conclusion that, in al systems, the environment temperature (TA), air relative humidity (UR) rate of black globe temperature and humidity (1TGU) and thermal radiation load (CTR) varied along the day, so that TA, ITGU and CTR have presented values considered above the ideal for poultry, and UR stayed inside the thermal comfort zone. The daily weight gain, the feeding conversion, the mortality rate, and age for slaughter were similar for various thermal conditioning systems checked out, and all poultry performance rates have been kept in rates known as being ideal for poultry industry. Taking into consideration the quantity of produced meat by m2 , it was observed that the systems with a more elevated density of poultry, that's to say, 12 and 13 chickens m2 , had a raise of 14,9 and 28% respectively, over the traditional systems.