Autotransfusão sanguínea no trauma: revisão sistemática da literatura.

Abstract

Blood autotransfusion or autologous transfusion is a practice very old. The technique consists of reintroducing the patient's own blood into the veins. When performed in the context of trauma, it can also be called reinfusion, being a viable alternative in carrying out blood transfusions, reducing the need for donors, since it can reduce the demand for blood concentrates from blood. Furthermore, they would reduce major and minor reactions to homologous blood transfusions, such as the risk of Hepatitis B or C infections, in addition to lower costs and allergic reactions. Justification: Considering the limited national literature on the subject, it is important to carrying out this study in order to contribute to the scientific production on the technique discussed and its advantages. Objective: To carry out a systematic review to evaluate the clinical and epidemiological data of patients submitted to autotransfusion in trauma, as well as the efficacy of its application in this context. Methodology: A search for articles was carried out through the PubMed, CENTRAL and Lilacs databases, based on the descriptors: autotransfusion; blood; trauma. The search included articles in Portuguese, English and Spanish, published in period from January 2000 to June 2017. Studies of the types were included: clinical trial randomized, cross-sectional and longitudinal studies. Results: 08 were analyzed articles that met the inclusion criteria, of which 06 were the object of this study. He was A higher prevalence was observed in male patients, most older than to 18 years, and with the use of Cell Saver in intraoperative blood salvage. one can to show that autotransfusion is not a predictor of worse results of postoperative complications such as sepsis or coagulopathies, not interfering negatively in the morbidity and mortality. Conclusion: Although we need studies with better levels of evidence, intraoperative autotransfusion has been proving to be a viable alternative and complement in the fight against hemorrhagic shock, in addition to reducing the risk of viral infections or even be an alternative in cases of patients with demands for different types rare bloodlines or Jehovah's Witnesses.