Efetividade do controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica em uma Unidade Básica de Saúde da Família em Campina Grande - PB.

Abstract

Standing worldwide as an important risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, systemic arterial hypertension (SAH) is an emerging health problem, due to the increase in life expectancy and the prevalence of factors such as obesity, sedentary lifestyle and inadequate diet. Although the efficacy and effectiveness of several preventive and control measures available, whether pharmacological or not, are known, blood pressure (BP) control rates are not satisfactory, ranging from 10.1 to 52.4% in Brazil. AIMS: This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of BP control and associated factors in a sample encompassing 74 hypertensive patients, who were enrolled in a Basic Family Health Unit (UBSF) based in Campina Grande - PB. METHODS: This is a quantitative, descriptive study with a cross-sectional design, in which data were collected through forms that evaluated socio-demographic variables, risk factors and adherence to treatment, as well as BP and anthropometric measurements. For the statistical analysis, the computational environment R (version 3.4.1) was employed, and the 5% significance level (α = 0.05) was adopted for acceptance of null hypothesis, descriptive analysis and Fisher's test. RESULTS: Among the respondents, 78.3% were female, 74.4% had monthly income between 1 and 3 minimum wages, 60% had incomplete primary education and 52.7% were married. The mean age was 60.14 years old. A higher percentage of respondents described themselves as retirees (40.5%) and household workers (35.1%). Adequate BP levels were present in 70.27% of the sample, a higher percentage than observed in other studies comprising Brazilian population. Regarding drug treatment, 52.70%

used monotherapy while the others employed associations between anti- hypertensives. It was observed that 93.24% had increased abdominal circumference

and 77.03% of those interviewed were overweight or presented with some type of obesity. Among those investigated, 79.7% adhered to the antihypertensive drug treatment and 70.27% presented controlled blood pressure levels. Factors associated to the effectiveness of BP control were: adherence to drug treatment (p = 0.009); previous or current alcohol use (p = 0.005); feeding (p = 0.02). Smoking, amount of antihypertensive drugs used and sedentary lifestyle were not associated with BP control. CONCLUSION: BP control occurred in a higher percentage than the observed in other Brazilian population studies. Adherence to treatment and adequate lifestyle habits have shown to be prime for adequate blood pressure control and consequent minimization of cardiovascular complications related to hypertension. The epidemiological profile of the hypertensive patients enrolled in the BFHU where the study was developed is female, married, retired or housewife with a family income of less than one to three minimum wages. The clinical profile showed overweight and some type of obesity in the absolute majority of respondents, as well as increased abdominal circumference in the same population.