Frequência de Leucemia na infância e adolescência em serviço de Oncologia Pediátrica da Paraíba.

Abstract

The leukemia is the most frequent malignant neoplasm in children, accounting for up to 30% of all cancers in people under 19 years of age, and in this context, acute lymphoblastic leukemia is referred as the most common type, representing 70% to 85% of the individuals affected. The objective of this work is to determine the frequency of leukemia in childhood and in adolescence at the Pediatric Oncology Service of the University Hospital Alcides Carneiro (HUAC) between the years of 2013 and 2016. The methodology used in this work was a cross-sectional descriptive study with quantitative approach. The study population was selected from medical records of children and adolescents aged zero to nineteen diagnosed with leukemia. We selected 68 medical records of patients diagnosed with acute leukemia, of which five were excluded because they were incomplete. As a result of this work, it was observed that leukemias correspond to 49.27% of the cases, in comparison with others neoplasms (50.73%). We also identified that in all the leukemia cases studied the Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia (ALL) accounted for 79.36% and Acute Myeloid Leukemia (AML) accounted for 20.64% of the diagnoses. The most affected age group was the pre-school, corresponding to 41.3%, and mean age at diagnosis of 6.25 years. Regarding the number of deaths, a higher mortality was found in patients with AML, 53,8%, when compared to 16% in patients with ALL. Considering leukemia as the most prevalent neoplasm in childhood, it was seen the importance of this service as one of the main references in the State for diagnosis and follow-up of patients.