Prevalência de Retinopatia Diabética em população atendida em Campina Grande-PB.

Abstract

Objective: To assess the prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in a population assisted in ophthalmological service accredited by the SUS in the city of Campina Grande – PB and correlate with risk factors. Methods: A prospective study was carried out, observational, cross-sectional analysis of 87 individuals diagnosed with DM assisted at Fundação de Olhos da Paraíba (FOP) in the city of Campina Grande - PB, from June to July 2018. All participants were submitted to the application of a questionnaire and the realization of fundus retinography, under mydriasis. Associations between the presence and severity of diabetic retinopathy (DR) with variables such as: age, gender, time since diagnosis of diabetes mellitus, hypertension and use of hypoglycemic agents. Results: Of the total sample, 64% were female and 36% male, with a mean age aged 63 (σ =11.2). The prevalence of DR was 48%; 59.5% had RDNP mild, 21.5% moderate RDNP, 14.2% severe RDNP and 4.8% proliferative RD. An association was demonstrated between the time of DM diagnosis and the frequency of DR, in which the prevalence in the group with more than five years of disease was 67%, nine times higher than the group with less than five years of diagnosis (p<0.0005). Participants on insulin therapy had a prevalence of DR greater than individuals using oral hypoglycemic agents and more severe forms of disease (p<0.0005). Conclusion: Studies on the local reality are valid for creation of appropriate strategies for early diagnosis and prevention of blindness caused by diabetes mellitus.