Prevalência dos fatores etiológicos que estão relacionados ao sorriso gengival: um estudo clínico.

Abstract

The gummy smile represents an excessive gingival exposure when smiling, being considered an aesthetic problem. The etiology of gummy smile is multifactorial, and may occur due to an altered passive eruption, vertical maxillary excess, lip hypermobility, short lip, dentoalveolar extrusion and gingival hyperplasia. In addition, it may present more than one factor simultaneously.Thus, the objective of this research was to evaluate the prevalence of etiological factors of gummy smile in patients with gingival exposure of 3 mm or more.This is a clinical study, cross-sectional and analytical study carried out in the clinical research laboratory of the UFCG dentistry course, in which patients with aesthetic alterations on the face due to gummy smile were evaluated.The sample consisted of 32 patients, most of whom were female (81.2%). The median gingival exposure when smiling was 4.00 mm, whose most prevalent etiological factors were altered passive eruption (93.8%), short lip (56.3%) and the simultaneous combination of altered passive eruption and short lip (56.3%). Other situations such as the association of altered passive eruption + short lip (56.3%) and altered passive eruption + labial hypermobility were also observed, in addition to gum exposure when smiling, which is directly related to the number of etiological factors of gummy smile in each patient. Among the etiological factors associated with gummy smile, the most prevalent was altered passive eruption and short lip, as well as the appearance of these factors associated with each other and with upper lip hypermobility. The amount of gum when smiling and the etiological factors showed statistically significant differences, mainly in relation to lip hypermobility (p = 0.007) and altered passive eruption combined with lip hypermobility (p = 0.002).