Assistência odontológica para pacientes com osteogênese imperfeita: uma revisão integrativa da literatura.

Abstract

Background: Osteogenesis Imperfecta (OI) is a rare genetic disorder caused by mutations in collagen type I, with an estimated prevalence of 1 in every 10-20,000 births. Due to the alterations that affect the connective tissue, it is characterized by bone fragility and other extraskeletal deformities with oral and craniofacial manifestations. Patients with osteogenesis imperfecta may find it difficult to access dental services for a variety of reasons, which can lead to a worsening of their quality of life. In this context, the objective of this work is to address dental care for patients with osteogenesis imperfecta, aiming to bring about discussions about access to dental services, management, prevention and promotion of oral health for this group. Methods: An integrative literature review was carried out based on bibliographical research in the Scielo, PuBmed and BVS/BIREME databases with the descriptors “osteogenesis imperfecta”, “dental care” and “oral health” in English and Portuguese, between the years of 2013 and 2023 and combined with each other by the Boolean AND operator. Results: The most indicated treatments were preventive at an early age and restorative with glass ionomer and composite resin. Treatment with prosthesis on implants and surgery was also mentioned, as long as it is performed with caution. Appropriate patient management at the time of care was also considered important for carrying out and adhering to treatment, especially in the case of pediatric patients. Individuals with moderate to severe osteogenesis imperfecta with malocclusion had functional limitations and worsened quality of life related to oral health (OHRQoL). Conclusion: Research has shown that these people may be more susceptible to oral and craniofacial abnormalities, as well as having difficulty accessing specialized dental care, due to mobility and geographic factors. As a result, the dental surgeon needs to have knowledge, management skills and be aligned with the multidisciplinary team and caregivers to offer adequate dental care to these patients.