Saneamento básico em comunidades rurais no município de São José do Sabugi-PB: uma avaliação de impacto ambiental.

Abstract

Basic sanitation is an indispensable tool for social development, improvement of public health, and preservation of the environment. In this regard, the objective of this study was to assess the environmental impacts resulting from basic sanitation services in rural communities in the municipality of São José do Sabugi, Paraíba, Brazil. The following methodological steps were carried out: assessment of the current conditions of basic sanitation services in rural communities of the study area, development of a simplified environmental diagnosis, identification and qualitative and quantitative analysis of environmental impacts using the Ad Hoc, Checklist, Interaction Matrix, and Impact Index methods, proposition of environmental control measures, and development of environmental plans and programs. The execution of all the aforementioned steps was based on documentary and bibliographic research, consultation with relevant authorities, on-site visits, and photographic records. According to the results, there is an insufficiency in basic sanitation services in the rural communities of the study area. A total of 103 environmental impacts corresponding to the 04 axes of basic sanitation were identified, with solid waste management and handling being the axis that showed the highest number of environmental changes in the study area, totaling 31 impacts. Therefore, it is expected that the results obtained in this study will serve to assist in the construction of development plans and policies in the municipality of São José do Sabugi, Paraíba, as well as contribute to the development of future technical and scientific works related to the subject matter.