Caracterização fenológica, produtividade e maturação de frutos e sementes de Physalis peruviana L.

Abstract

The Physalis peruviana L. presents great nutritional value and economical viability, becoming an alternative for the small and medium producer and an innovation for the Brazilian horticulture. However, some information on her cultivation, are still scarce. Before this, it was aimed at to characterize the phenological phases, productivity and maturation of fruits and seeds of Physalis peruviana L. The experiment was greenhouse, in the experimental farm of the Federal University of Campina Grande, campus Pombal and divided in three stages. The first stage corresponded the phenological characterization and productivity of the culture, driven in delineamento in block casualizado, with five repetitions, constituted of five plants each repetition. In Monday and third stage, was adopted the completely randomized desing, where the treatment consisted at different stadiums of maturation of the fruit and of the seed (20, 27, 34 and 41 days after the anthesis - DAA), with four repetitions. The phenological phases were determined by height, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, floral buttons, flowers and fruits for plant, production and productivity. In the second stage, to characterize the quality of the fruits was carried out calorimetry of the chalice and the fruit (luminosity, chromaticity and hue angle), fresh mass, diameter (transverse and longitudinal) of the fruit, firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, relationship total soluble solids and titratable acidity of the fruit, carotenoids, chlorophyll (the and b) of the chalice, vitamin C and phenolic composed of the fruits. In the third, to characterize the physiologic quality of the seeds, she was determined the number and fresh mass of seeds for fruit, humidity degree, mass dries of the seed, weight of a thousand seeds, electric conductivity, germination, index of germination speed, emergency of plantules, index of speed of emergency of plantules and mass dries of plants (aerial, root and total). The data obtained in the stages were submitted to the variance analysis and polynomial regression. The vegetative phase of the Physalis peruviana L. is contained in a period understood among 10 to 143 days after the transplant (DAT) and the reproductive phase extends until 161 DAT. The crop of the fruits begins 71 DAT, with medium productivity of 2.340,95 kg ha-1. The fruits destined to the consumption should be picked after 35 DAA, when they present coloration yellow and great qualities organoleptic and nutritional. The seeds of Physalis peruviana reach her maturity physiology after 34 DAA, when the fruits are completely ripe, presenting chalice and yellow coloration fruit and the maximum of physiologic quality.