Vulnerabilidade socioambiental, políticas públicas e o êxodo rural como fator contributivo do processo de expansão urbana de patos–pb.

Abstract

Reality lived or at least known by society, vulnerability has become an increasingly interdisciplinary term, that is, debated by professionals from different areas. The same happens with the expressions Urban Expansion and Public Policies. The terms in question are intertwined, since the increasing urban expansion and the absence of public policies favor the emergence of the state of vulnerability of a society. Given the relevance of this fact, the objective of this study was to analyze the contributions of public policies aimed at mitigating the problems arising from the urban expansion process and the consequent increase in socio-environmental vulnerability in the municipality of Patos-PB, in the light of the Monocentric City model, linking it to public policies and socio-environmental vulnerability from two possibilities. The first possibility was to verify if the implementation of the public policies is managing to follow the urban processes considering contemporary space-time; and the second, if the absence / delays of urban public policies is being a contributory factor to accentuate the social and environmental vulnerability in Patos-PB. Therefore, it was necessary to adopt a methodology able to follow the spatial changes over time in order to know the fragmentation process, verifying the expansion flows of PB-Patos in the years 2005, 2010 and 2015. Among the procedures adopted for the development of the research are: use of QGIS 2.14.14; generation of the NDBI and NDVI indices; vectorization of the analyzed area; acquisition and standardization of data for the Sirgas 2000 UTM projection system, Zone 24S. As a result, it can be seen that the city expands in a dispersed way and towards the edges of the city and that public policies have not accompanied its accelerated process of expansion. This made it possible to conclude that the way in which Patos-PB has expanded is related to the inexistence and inefficiency of public policies and that the population is in a situation of social and environmental vulnerability.