Avaliação do potencial de diferentes cultivares de sorgo sacarino (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) para produção de etanol de 1ª e 2ª geração.

Abstract

In the search for renewable energy sources and alternatives that reduce the emission of harmful gases to the environment, thus reducing the use of fossil fuels in the face of global awareness, biofuels present as an alternative, the main highlight being ethanol. The objective of this work was to evaluate the potential of different cultivars of sweet sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench.) For the production of ethanol of 1st generation from the fermentation of the broth the 2st generation ethanol from the substrate (bagasse). To obtain the fermentable sugars from the bagasse, acid pretreatment followed by base with the aid of experimental planning 2³ + 3 central points was applied to evaluate the effects of the variables of entry, time, temperature and acid and base concentrations, verifying the solubilization of hemicellulose and lignin. In order to evaluate the enzymatic hydrolysis, the effect of the enzymatic loading and the dry mass ratio of sorghum bagasse and enzyme extract wereverified using experimental planning design 2² + 3 central points. The commercial enzymes Celluclast 1.5L from Novozyme and beta-glucosidase from Prozyn wereused in the enzymatic hydrolysis to obtain fermentable sugars. The research was carried out at the biochemical-engineering laboratory - LEB, at the Federal University of Campina Grande - UFCG, in the state of Paráiba and at the Agronomic Institute of Pernambuco - IPA, both located in the northeast region of Brazil. The progenies were collected at the IPA Experimental Station in the city of Vitória de Santo Antão, located in the Zona da Mata of Pernambuco (lat: 35 ° 22 'W, long: 08 ° 08' S, altitude: 146 m) from March / 2013 to September / 2017. The results concerning agronomic data presented significant differences for a 95% confidence interval by the Tukey test. Among the seven cultivars studied, the highest soluble solids in the field were BRS506, IPA2502, IPA EP17, IPA P222, IPA P134, IPA P228 and IPA SF15 with values between 12,3 ± 0,08; 5,1 ± 0,10; 16,8 ± 0,40; 14,8 ± 0,11; 7,1 ± 0,10; 9,2 ± 0,10 and 13,6 ± 0,27 °Brix, respectively. Results for saccharin fraction (sorghum broth) were analyzed using the Tukey's test for a 95% confidence interval. In the data obtained for the concentration of ethanol of 1st generation, obtained in the fermentation of the broths of the cultivars that stood out were IPA SF15, BRS506, IPA EP17, IPA P222 and IPA P134 with values between 55,72 ± 0,24; 45,46 ± 1,5; 44,6 ± 0,18; 33,78 ± 0,57 and 31,78 ± 0,28 g.L-1 respectively. The fractions (bagasse) for evaluation in the production of second generation ethanol, IPA EP17 and BRS506, after acid pretreatment followed by basic, were efficient in concentrating the cellulose by the solubilization of hemicellulose and lignin, resulting in an increase of cellulose from 31,70 ± 0,49 to 60,42 ± 0,91% in the variety IPA-EP17 and for the BRS506 variety from 40,6 ± 1,1 to 64,52 ± 0,82% respectively. The results obtained in the enzymatic hydrolysis process for the IPA EP17 variety in the glucose production were 26,23 g L-1, for enzyme loading conditions and ratio (bagasse dry mass ratio) per reaction medium volume (25 FPU / and 2%) in the time of 36 hours of hydrolysis and constant rotation of 150 RPM, for BRS506 variety the glucose production was 25,17 g.L-1, for the conditions of enzymatic loading and ratio (bagasse dry mass ratio) by volume of reaction medium (25 FPU / g and 2%) in the time of 36 hours of hydrolysis.