Parto, humanização e assistência de enfermagem: um estudo sob a ótica da revisão integrativa.

Abstract

Humanizing childbirth is a way to give the proper importance that this moment, so sublime in the lives of both the mother and the baby, deserves. To achieve the realization of humanized childbirth, the assistance of obstetric nursing professionals is of utmost importance, contributing to a care approach centered on best care practices during childbirth, consequently recognizing the individual needs of the parturient woman. In this regard, the objective of this integrative review is to summarize the scientific knowledge published in nursing journals between the years 2013 and 2023 regarding best nursing practices in humanized childbirth. This is a qualitative research with an integrative literature review approach. The results indicate that, despite the existence of routinely discouraged practices, configured as Obstetric Violence, the best practices of humanizing childbirth prevail. In general, the main best practices found include the presence of a companion, skin-to-skin contact, non-pharmacological methods for pain relief, the protagonism of the parturient throughout the process, breastfeeding within the first hour of life, and timely umbilical cord clamping. There were also some discouraged practices, such as the use of oxytocin during labor, amniotomy, episiotomy, birthing position, and the performance of Kristeller maneuver. In conclusion, this integrative review is important as it reaffirms best practices, while also highlighting the fact that despite the existence of best practices in nursing care, there are still cases of routinely discouraged practices being performed. Therefore, the review contributes to the literature relevant to the subject matter.