Análise do potencial antimicrobiano do extrato de Punica granatum L. (Romã) frente aos microrganismos Staphylococcus aureus e Candida albicans.

Abstract

Since the beginning, civilization has used plants as therapeutics due to their bioactive compounds that are capable of preventing, curing and treating diseases. In Brazil, the use of less expensive therapies represents an important gain in human and financiers employed in the health sector. In this sense, Punica granatum L. stands out. plant of great popular use in the treatment of various symptoms and diseases such as infections of throat, hoarseness and fever. From this perspective, the present work set out to evaluate the antimicrobial potential of Punica granatum L. extracts against microorganisms Sthapylococcus aureus and Candida albicans, in addition to analyzing physicochemical and phytochemicals such as water content, total ash, dry residue, relative density, pH and phytochemical characterization. The results obtained were compared with the existing literature in order to observe the behavior of each type of extract. For water content, the samples obtained a mean and standard deviation of 9.45% ± 0.24; total ash variation was 3.43% ± 0.05; for dry residue, the results found for aqueous extract, infusion and tincture were, respectively, 0.31% ± 0.002; 0.35% ± 0.01 and 5.45% ± 0.79; relative density, 1.0020; 1.0020 and 0.897 and pH, 4.56; 4.30 and 4.71. As for phytochemical characterization, it was observed in all samples have a strong presence of phenolic compounds, as well as the absence of saponins, strong presence of tannins in samples A and B and moderate in C, for flavonoids, moderate presence in B and C, strongly in A, alkaloids were moderate in B and C and slightly in A. Regarding antimicrobial activity, all extracts obtained positive results, with the exception of commercial products AR and M that did not obtain action antimicrobial, with emphasis on the dye that presented an average of halos of inhibition of 12.0 mm ± 1.0 for Sthapylococcus aureus and 19.7 mm ± 3.8 for Candida albicans; followed of the infusion, 10.3 mm ± 0.6 for S. aureus and 17.7 mm ± 1.5 for C. albicans and finally, the extract aqueous, 10.0 mm ± 0.0 for S. aureus and 16.3 mm ± 0.6 for C. albicans. These results express that Punica granatum L. extracts have antimicrobial activity against the species researched, with emphasis on the tincture, which showed the greatest potential, thus requiring additional studies that demonstrate this activity in vivo, and standardize the most appropriate concentration and dosage.