Fármaco-contaminação e sua relação com a saúde planetária: uma revisão da literatura.

Abstract

The global increase in medication consumption poses a significant challenge, resulting in two primary obstacles: the rise of chemical micropollutants in the environment due to industrial activities and the improper disposal of medications by human actions. Thus, this work aims to conduct a narrative literature review on the risks of environmental contamination by pharmaceuticals. The issue was approached from the perspective of planetary health, examining the interactions between humans and the environment, as well as the impacts on environmental and living organisms' health. An identified gap was the absence of legislation establishing limits for the presence of pharmaceutical residues in the environment. The lack of specific regulatory parameters hinders adequate measurement and control of contamination, presenting a significant challenge to environmental preservation and public health. The absence of clear guidelines contributes to improper disposal practices, jeopardizing ecosystems and human health. Proper management of pharmaceutical waste requires a collective approach involving manufacturers and those responsible for collection. The implementation of environmental education activities is crucial to instruct communities on appropriate procedures, addressing not only pharmaceutical waste but all generated debris. Outreach initiatives through social media, media outlets, and healthcare establishments, including seminars at educational institutions, are essential to emphasize the importance of avoiding irrational drug use and provide guidance on the proper disposal of surplus medications. The imposition of global goals is highlighted as necessary to mitigate climate change.