Avaliação da poluição difusa em trechos fluviais nos municípios de São João do Cariri e Sumé, Estado da Paraíba.

Abstract

In the brazilian semiarid zone, one of the challenges in water resources management is to provide the water with adequate quality for diferente uses, given the increase in the discharge of point and diffuse pollution loads in water sources, associated with the increase in the population growth rate and the risk of water scarcity. The stusy aimed to evaluate diffuse pollution through the analysis of raw water quality parameters, in two streams of intermittent alluvial rivers, Taperoá and Sucurú, located in sub-basins of the high course of the Paraíba river basin. Fields visits were carried out for the selection of sampling points, identification of sources of pollution, upstream, in situ and downstream of the urban centers of the São João do Cariri and Sumé cities, State of Paraíba, collection of samples of raw water and analyzes physicochemicals. The results obtained allowed us to confirm the effect of punctual and diffuse pollution generated by regular and clandestine productive enterprises, such as poultry and cattle slaughterhouses, agricultural areas and use for low-yield livestock use, associated with the environmental impacts of the use and occupation of unplanned land. The raw water present in the alluvium of the sub-basins analyzed must only be used safely, in compilance with the provisions CONAMA Resolution nº 357/2005, for less demanding uses, given that maximum limits allowed for the parameters of water quality, mainly in the dry season, are exceeded. Adequate waste treatment systems mus be implemented considering the new legal framework for brazilian sanitation.