Complicações obstétricas em cabras e ovelhas e malformações musculoesqueléticas em bovinos.

Abstract

The dissertation consists of three chapters. The first chapter is composed of a retrospective study of obstetric complications in the clinical routine of the HVU that involved goats and sheep. The objective of this study was to evaluate the main risk factors related to the occurrences, to report the clinical alterations and the effectiveness of the treatments. In the months that included the dry season, the frequency of dystocia 71.2% (52/73) and prolapses 32.9% (24/73) were higher. The main management system mentioned in the medical records was semi-extensive, with rates of 56.2% (41/73) in dystocia and 27.4% (20/73) prolapse. Dystocias 46.6% (34/73), as well as prolapses 20.5% (15/73) occurred in young females aged between one and two years and body score index considered good in dystocia 56.2% (41/73) and prolapses 24.6% (18/73). The second chapter consists of a clinical and surgical case report on a malformation in bovine, known as polymelia. The patient was ten days old, male, mestizo, raised in an extensive system, had two extra or supernumerary limbs in the thoracic region, characterizing as thoracomelia, nomenclature according to the point of exemption of the limbs in the animal's body. Polymelia is a congenital malformation of the musculoskeletal system considered rare and etiology unknown, the cases already reported are classified as sporadic, multifactorial, genetic factors, such as autosomal recessive inheritance. Thus, the causes pointed out in this case report suggest a sporadic cause in view of being the first case and the only case on the property. The animal underwent the surgical procedure without complications and after the period of hospitalization for the post-surgical period, clinical discharge was granted. The third chapter is based on the production of a systematic review on musculoskeletal congenital malformations in calves, specifically for the forelimbs and pelvic limbs, pointing out etiologies, diagnoses and treatments. The frequency of reproductive problems and malformations are considered significant events, which reinforces the need for epidemiological studies of clinicians of these changes, with the aim of preventing the emergence of cases, improving breeding systems and introducing adequate nutritional and sanitary management.