Estudo de processos de dessalinização com ênfase na tecnologia de destilação solar para o tratamento de água.

Abstract

This work has as its theme the desalination processes as alternatives for water treatment, focusing on the solar distillation process, a technique that uses the sun’s energy to purify water. Solar distillation consists of heating saltwater or contaminated water in a solar device, causing it to evaporate and condense on a cooler surface, where it is collected as potable water. This method is simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly, and can be applied in regions with a shortage of fresh water and an abundance of solar radiation. The objective of this work is to review the theoretical concepts that explain the functioning of solar distillation, as well as its advantages and disadvantages in relation to other desalination techniques. For this, a comprehensive literature review was carried out through various studies published in books, websites, and scientific articles available on scientific dissemination platforms such as ScienceDirect, SCIELO, and MDPI. Based on this review, it was possible to present the main thermodynamic processes involved in solar distillation, the equations that describe them, and the relevance of desalination to the current scenario.