Fraturas dos ossos do pé por estresse em atletas: uma revisão sistemática da Literatura.

Abstract

Stress fractures are the result of a high number of repetitive overloads to a healthy bone. They are strictly related with sports practice. Although having the potential to happen at any bone, stress fractures are more likely to take place at the lower limbs and the foot is one of the most common locations to those fractures. OBJECTIVES: Build, through a systematic review of the literature, the state of the art regarding stress fractures of the foot in athletes, identifying the most common bones to suffer from this pathology, the type of sports most involved and the time needed to return to sport after those fractures. METHODOLOGY: The study will be carried out through a systematic review of the literature, qualitatively analyzing articles selected between 2008 and 2018, in Portuguese, English and Spanish, in the databases: Portal Periodicals CAPES/MEC, BVS / BIREME and MEDLINE/PubMed. RESULTS: There were 701 references in the electronic research, among them: 19 in the BVS/BIREME, 369 in the Portal CAPES and 269 in PubMED. After a process of methodological refinement, 9 articles made up this review, of which: 44.4% are case series, 33.3% are systematic reviews of the literature, 11.1% are epidemiologic studies and 11.1% are Cohort Studies. CONCLUSIONS: Review of the articles showed that return to sports happens in about 12 to 18 weeks after a stress fracture of the foot. Few studies indicated what are the most common bones stricken by stress fractures, but the most cited bones among the articles were the metatarsus, mainly fourth and fifth, and the navicular bone. There were no Brazilian studies in the sample. A shortage of papers approaching specifically stress fractures of the foot and that sought to determine the factors involved in the occurrence of those fractures in each bone was found.