Uso de corretivos e cultivo do capim urocloa (Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.) Daudy) em solos degradados do semi-árido.

Abstract

In arid and semi-arid areas it is common they happen problems of saline and sodic soils, doing with that its recovery is delayed and onerous. Besides the wash of the soil, there is need of application of correctives, for they neutralize the exchangeable and soluble sodium of the soil, improving the physical and chemical attributes of the soil. It is also necessary to select crops that allow its use during the recovery period. In the experiment the behavior of the grass urochloa (Urochloa mosambicensis (Hack.)Dandy) was observed, in outline factorial 2 x 2 x 4, using 2 types of soils, 2 types of amendatory (calcareous and gypsum), four rates of each amender,4 repetitions, totalizing 64 vases, each one of these contends 3,1 soil kg. After the application of the correctives the soil was maintained humid, at 70% of the field capacity, for 20 days, later the wash was proceeded and it was collected 100g of soil in each vase for analysis of the pH, CE1:5 and PST. Later it was sowed the urochloa and eight days after the germination it was made it, being left 8 plants/pot. A basic fertilization was made of N e P. After 42 days of the germination it was made the rough-hewing of the plants. The appraised variables were the attributes chemical pH, CE and PST of the soil, green and dry matter yield, bromatologic analysis and chemical composition of the grass urochloa. It was observed that the soils presented significant differences to each other, the gypsum and the calcareous reduced CE and PST in both soils and the derived soil of São José do Bonfim presented larger production green and dry matter yield. Relative the chemical composition of the aerial part of the plant, significant effect was verified in the concentration of N, P, Ca and Mn when gypsum was applied and of K and Fe with the presence of calcareous. The bromatologic analysis didn't present expressive differences between the soils or applied amendatory.