Desempenho de cisternas do P1MC no atendimento à demanda hídrica familiar: o caso do semiárido da Paraíba.

Abstract

Water guarantees the maintenance of human life and essential sectors of society. Its distribution, commonly in urban centers, is managed by supply companies. However, in rural and/or diffuse communities, this access becomes more precarious due to the absence of water supply networks. Added to this difficulty is the irregular rainfall in the semi-arid region and its high evaporation rates that reduce surface runoff. To meet the need for human consumption, alternative supply solutions emerge, such as the SAAC (Rainwater Harvesting System). An initiative by the Federal Government for the large-scale implementation of this technology was the One Million Cisterns Program (P1MC), which promoted the construction of cisterns for domestic use with a capacity of 16 thousand liters, with the aim of meeting the demand for a family for up to eight months of drought. This work aims to evaluate the performance of these equipment in meeting user demand, using performance indicators (reliability, efficiency, and resilience). The study area is the Semiarid Paraibano, with a time horizon of 30 years (1993-2022). It was possible to observe that the indicators (reliability and efficiency) were presented similarly for the homogeneous rainfall regions of the studied region. As for the resilience indicator, it was necessary to readapt it to the reality of the technology studied, adjusting the recovery time to the reality of the equipment studied. Consequently, there was a need to recalculate the reliability indicator for this new state. One can also observe regions that are prone to increasing the capacity of reservoirs due to overflows, as well as increasing catchment areas to increase the reliability of the equipment.