Geotecnologias aplicadas ao uso e cobertura dos solos da Sub-bacia Hidrográfica do Rio Espinharas - PB/RN/PE com ênfase em áreas de preservação permanente e de uso restrito.

Abstract

The specific objectives of this study were: to perform a morphometric study of SBH; map the Permanent Preservation Areas (APP) and the Restricted Use Areas (AUR) of the SBH of the Espinharas river; to analyze the intensity of use of SBH of the Espinharas river and to suggest mitigating measures for the possible degradation found, to map the use and the cover of the soil in the SBH and to verify the conflicts in APP and AUR. The SBH drainage area of the Espinharas River extends through thirtyone (31) municipalities, twenty five (25) in the State of Paraíba, three (03) in the State of Rio Grande do Norte and three (03) in the State of Pernambuco. The SBH is classified as a 5th-order basin of branching, forming a pattern of dendritic pattern, a common occurrence in the semi-arid region. The drainage area is 3,329.57 km² and 552.30 km of perimeter. According to the values of the coefficient of compactness (2.68) and shape factor (0.32), the SBH has an irregular shape that differs from the figure of a circle, approaching an elongated shape, and thus is not conducive to flooding. The Circularity Index (0.14) is considered low, corroborating with the previous information, because the closer to 1.0 is the SBH format, but it approaches a circle. Its altitude varies from 128 m to 1195 m, with average altitude 661.6. SRTM data were useful in defining the drainage network, including remote sensing data to achieve better accuracy in hydrographic determination. The classes of land use and cover in the SBH of the Espinharas river have the predominance of the types of Caatinga Arbustiva Aberta Arbacirea Aberta (CAAA) with 2,239.37 km² (68.13%), Caatinga Arbustiva Arbórea Fechada (CAAF) with 203.17 km² (6.18%) of the total SBH area. It was also verified that 752.67 km² (22.90%) of the total area corresponds to the anthropized area. The water bodies presented an area of 25.05 km² representing (0.76%) of the total area of the SBH represented by dams, dams and barriers. The other typologies were urban area with 44.63 km² (1.36%) of the total area and rocky outcrops occupying 22.06 km² (0.67%) of the total area of the SBH of the Espinharas river. The use of satellite images and of Geographic Information Systems (IDRISI, QGIS GRASS) allowed to obtain results with greater agility and the integration and manipulation of the spatial data.