Determinação do índice de vulnerabilidade em pavimentos rodoviários: estudo de trecho da BR-230 no estado da Paraíba.

Abstract

According to the Statistical Bulletin of the 25th edition of the 2022 National Transport Confederation (CNT) Survey, 66% of Brazilian highways have some type of problem regarding their general condition. The pavement degradation process comes from factors such as traffic, climatic conditions, construction processes, drainage, structure, materials, adopted maintenance, among others. Therefore, based on the concept of Ecodynamics, it is important to understand that the deterioration factors of pavements can also be greatly influenced by the environment in which they are located. In this work, it was possible to determine a Pavement Vulnerability Index (IVP) on the BR-230 highway, Campina Grande/PB-João Pessoa/PB section, as well as identify regions with greater vulnerability to reducing the useful life of the pavement using the map algebra overlaying the following classes: Geomorphology, Cover, Drainage, Geology, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Precipitation, Slope, Soils and Soil texture. The IVP was compared with results obtained from functional and structural studies of the highway and, in addition, the degree of contribution of each dimension of pavement vulnerability was computed based on multivariate analysis. In the region studied, around 50% of the area was observed to have some level of stability and just over 49% to have a certain risk of vulnerability. Of the 5 homogeneous segments (SH) determined for the stretch, SH1 was well evaluated in a functional and structural way, being distributed in an area of low vulnerability. SH2 had a low functional and structural assessment in addition to being located in an area of high vulnerability. After Factor Analysis, the factors demonstrated a strong influence of Precipitation, MDE, Slope and Geology on the variability of data in the study area. The construction of thematic maps is a tool of great importance in guiding the vulnerability study aimed at pavement degradation, as well as the index is a significant instrument with the power to help the bodies responsible for paving projects in order to make them more effective in terms of climatic conditions and anthropogenic actions.