Uso da técnica dos quantis no monitoramento da precipitação e da temperatura do ar na região Sul do Brasil.

Abstract

This work presents the use of the technique of quantiles in the monitoring of precipitation, maximum and minimum temperature of 23 weather stations for the southern region of Brazil, 7 in Parana, Santa Catarina 4 and 12 in Rio Grande do Sul, for a data period from 1971 to 2009. Was used as a tool quantilicas rules for graphical illustration of the monitoring for the quantiles Q15, Q35, Q50, Q65 and Q85, as a way to sort the months in very dry, dry, normal, wet and very wet in the monitoring of precipitation. To the maximum temperature, the classification was based on very hot afternoons, warm, normal, cold and very cold. And for the minimum temperature in very cold nights, cold, normal, hot and very hot. Also added was the smallest and largest observed values of the variables under study, in order to detect any extreme event or occurrence. After obtaining the results, it was noted that the highest values of maximum temperature in all seasons, occurred at meteorological stations further north. For minimum temperature, the lowest values occurred in localities of high altitudes and in nearly all latitudes, especially in areas further south. However, using the techniques retro monitoring quantiles showed that ratings of dry periods, normal, wet and warm periods, normal and cold in southern Brazil are due to factors both large scale and regional scale, or a combination of these phenomena in both scales.