Estudo da vulnerabilidade socioeconômico-ambiental e os riscos a desastre Enos (El Niño oscilações sul) no município de Picuí-Paraíba: um estudo de caso.

Abstract

The main objective of this work was to produce new scientific information on the evolution of the hazard, vulnerability and risk patterns associated with ENSO disaster risks on the social, economic, territorial and political processes in the municipality of Picui in the State of Paraíba. In the study of these processes, beside the used parameters such as population density, agricultural land use cattle raising, farming production, soil, ecology, were applied 146 questionnaires, by sampling, corresponding to 11% of the rural population. The information obtained, associated with the bibliographical data, topographical and thematic maps and remote sensing products permitted to create a geo-referenced database. The data overlap in Deslnventar and SPRING software's resulted in thematic maps, tables and in a socioeconomic and environmental pattern of the study area revealing that the municipality has a very serious socioeconomic situation, reflecting in the local development. Relating to the environment, three desertification nuclei had been defined which together occupy an area of 20,85 km2 (3 % of the territory of the municipality). The causes of these desertification nuclei are related to the human activities and to the climate changes (ENSO) or to the both simultaneously. Thus, the concern is about the dragging of fertile lands, forming a picture of almost irreversible degradation. The ambient incapable to produce becomes an area each more time difficult of being inhabited. The situation is quite preoccupying as the more degraded zones coincide with areas where the poverty and the misery, are integrant parts of the reality of the local population, stimulated by innumerable factors related political, social, cultural and climatic order.