Arbovirose zika: uma análise dos determinantes socioambientais a partir do modelo força motriz pressão-situação-exposição-efeito-ação (FPSEEA).

Abstract

Arboviruses represent today a world public health problem that requires special attention because of its complexity, since it involves socio-environmental, economic and political conditions. The ZIKA virus (ZIKV) is a high-impact pathology in Brazil, highlighting the Northeast region, which experiences an emergency situation, with repercussions on some complications and several damages to the health of individuals. Thus, the present study aimed to analyze the relationship between socio-environmental determinants and the emergence of Zika cases in Campina Grande, based on the World Health Organization's Pressure-State-Exposure-Effect-Action Model (FPSEEA). It consists of a descriptive and exploratory study, with a quantitative approach highlighting the elaboration of the matrix of determinants and indicators, also presenting the application of the FPSEEA model, evaluating the correlation between these elements using the Pearson coefficient (r) statistical method. Finally, spatialisation in a geographic information environment, carried out using the free access QGIS version 2.4 software, is evidenced in order to verify the incidence of Aedes aegypti in areas and neighborhoods of the present municipality. The results point to significant correlations among the indicators that constitute the different axes of the FPSEEA matrix, which are identified as important factors that imply an increase in the incidence of Zika in Campina Grande, emphasizing the relationship between the demographic density X treated sewage / water consumption and density X collection of residue classified with very strong degree, nevertheless deserves to highlight the relation between the total of investigated properties X cases of zica and microcephaly and also, LIRAa X Hospital admission that also obtained the degree of very strong intensity. In addition, there is no correlation between indicators that would be expected by scholars and considered important for the occurrence of Zika and other arboviruses in other localities and regions, such as the urbanization indicator that had no relation with the other indicators. It was possible to conclude that the FPSEEA model was a fundamental tool to understand the determinants involved in the incidence of ZIKV cases and their interactions, being a subsidy for the elaboration and planning of surveillance strategies and actions that could later help in the fight against disease and the implementation of measures that aim to eradicate the vector, such as intersectoral public policies that involve as many managers as members of society, allowing the integration of actions and initiatives.