A gestão do saneamento básico na cidade de Campina Grande – PB: um olhar sobre os anos de 2007 a 2020

Abstract

The relationship between the environment and human health is complex, but it is clear that environmental degradation can cause health damage, including respiratory, cardiovascular, and cancer. Lack of basic sanitation, air, water, and soil pollution are the main environmental problems that affect the environment and human health. In Brazil, the National Policy for Basic Sanitation (Law No. 11,445/2007) and the National Environmental Council (CONAMA) establish guidelines for basic sanitation services and environmental pollution control. This research aims to analyze the management of basic sanitation in the city of Campina Grande PB, between the years 2007 and 2020, considering the current context, in the face of the changes made in the Legal Framework for Sanitation, established by the Federal Law No. 14,026/2020. The first chapter evaluated the public policies for basic sanitation, built in Campina Grande; the second, investigated the condition of sanitation development; and the third, verified the discharge of effluents into water bodies and socio-environmental impacts. Regarding the methodological approach, it is characterized as an exploratory, qualitative-quantitative research. For this purpose, bibliographical research, literature analysis, and search for public documents related to the object of study were carried out. For data collection, the National System of Information on Sanitation (SNIS) was used, and the database provided by the Paraíba Water and Sewage Company (CAGEPA), referring to the Sewage Treatment Plants in the Catingueira and Glória neighborhoods. Statistical techniques of Anova and Permanova were used, conducted by a statistical software platform that examined the data and generated the graphs. The results point out that Campina Grande has developed relevant public policies, culminating in legislation that regulates the provision of basic sanitation services. On the other hand, it does not have efficient social control mechanisms. In addition, it has good sanitary infrastructure, however, the volume of collected sewage suffers interference from losses in relation to what should be treated, making it impossible to properly dispose of its effluents. Given this scenario, it becomes necessary to allocate resources aimed at service delivery, in order to improve the efficiency of wastewater collection and treatment, to comply with the legislation regarding the proper disposal of effluents.