Gestação e seus riscos em um contexto de agricultura familiar e sustentabilidade.

Abstract

A pregnancy is a period marked by intense physical and biological changes, to the extent that women experience an adaptive process that can be influenced by various factors, including pre- existing pathologies or intrinsic conditions and external agents such as exposure to risk factors that may impair this adaptive process. This is especially true for those who engage in family farming activities, as women in rural areas play an increasingly relevant role due to the introduction of mechanization and technologies that facilitate tasks when brute force is not as necessary in this work. The objective is to assess the working conditions of pregnant women in family farming and their relationship with agricultural activities in the Patativa do Assaré Settlement, as well as to identify risks associated with the performed labor activities. The goal is also to develop an instructive guide outlining necessary precautions to maintain their health, emphasizing prevention methods and risks arising from labor in family farming. Throughout their work, pregnant women in rural areas are exposed to harmful situations for the health of both the mother and child, such as infectious agents, parasites, solar radiation, mites, venomous animals, machinery, agricultural implements, pesticides, noise, vibrations, animal- origin debris, and tool accidents. This study is a field research of applied nature, qualitative- quantitative, using a semi-structured questionnaire with both objective and subjective responses, analyzed in the context of relevant literature. As a result, the sample characteristics include women who underwent pregnancy while working in agriculture, with a moderate level of education, obtaining their food from their own cultivation, aligning with sustainability in agriculture even without theoretical knowledge. They are exposed to a high risk of occupational accidents and susceptible to consuming animal- derived foods with chemical contaminants, such as antibiotics, which may pose health risks to the mother-child pair.