Impactos ambientais qualitativos gerados por painéis fotovoltaicos: da manufatura ao descarte.

Abstract

The production of photovoltaic solar panels generates significant environmental impacts throughout their entire life cycle, from the extraction of raw materials, such as silicon and metals (copper, silver and aluminum), to final disposal. These processes involve high levels of energy consumption, use of dangerous chemicals and greenhouse gas emissions, in addition to contributing to soil, air and water pollution. Recycling solar panels at the end of their useful life has been considered a promising solution, allowing the recovery of valuable materials and reducing the need for new extractions. However, there are still technological and economic challenges related to the viability and efficiency of this process. Recent studies highlight the importance of improving manufacturing efficiency and developing new technologies that are less harmful to the environment, in addition to using renewable energy sources in the production process, to minimize the environmental impacts associated with the manufacture of solar panels.