Sucessão ecológica de grupos taxonômicos no tratamento aeróbio de resíduos sólidos orgânicos utilizando tecnologia social.

Abstract

Composting organic solid waste is seen as an effective alternative for cleaning and sanitizing the organic portion, promoting the reduction of negative environmental impacts and human health, the elimination of pathogens, the return of matter, the efficient use of energy and production of nutrient-rich compost. However, studies on the physical, chemical, biological, sanitary and technological factors for composting efficiency are still introductory, especially in an environment in the Agreste of Paraíba. In this context, the objective was to evaluate the application of social technologies in the aerobic treatment of household organic solid waste, which favor the synergistic action of a diverse set of essential phylogenetic groups, through the ecological succession of populations that participate in the different phases of the composting system. , producing a compost with sanitary quality and ideal characteristics for different agricultural uses. Organic solid waste was previously selected and collected (202.5 kg) in the vertical residential condominium Dona Lindú IV, Campina Grande, Paraíba, Brazil and destined for the decentralized scale experimental system (SITRADERO) at the State University of Paraíba. The experiment consisted of three models of composters (CCR; CAR; CPC) in triplicate scale, totaling nine mobile composters. Each compost bin was fed with 22 kg of substrate. Physical, chemical, biological and sanitary analyzes were carried out weekly and the temperature was monitored daily. The system was monitored until stabilization (93 days). Initial results showed that the organic solid waste collected at the generating source had considerable moisture content (71%), acidic pH (5.3), unstable material and high parasitic load (9.5 eggs/gST), requiring adequate treatment. The substrate showed a significant abundance of (2,471 individuals) mesoinvertebrates, distributed in 9 orders and 16 families, which found organic solid waste as a source of food and adequate conditions for development. Through on site analyzes and observations, it was possible to monitor the dynamics of the species that participated in the composting process, pointing out their contribution to the system's successional process, predation, competition, ecological relationships, oxygenation and drilling of galleries, degradation of matter, biological control and the limits of tolerance to the environment. All species were important for treatment efficiency and community functioning. The composting system proved to be efficient in the aerobic treatment of organic solid waste, promoting the elimination of helminth and enterobacteria eggs (100%) and favoring the transformation of 23.1% of sanitized and stabilized compost that can be used in fertilization of soil or soil conditioning, seedling production, recovery of desertification areas, in agriculture.