Estudo de mistura de solos para impermeabilização eficiente de camada de base de aterros sanitários.

Abstract

Landfills represent the most widely used worldwide alternative for the environmentally sound disposal of Urban Solid Waste (RSU), with its liners being one of the main components. Lack of care with these layers can generate immeasurable environmental damage, such as leachate infiltration to nearby surface water bodies and groundwater, in addition to soil contamination. The water permeability coefficient is the main variable used to verify liners efficiency. Within this context, this work aims to obtain an adequate composition of soils for the base layer of landfill, meeting the water permeability requirements according to national and international standards. The experimental field for this research was the sanitary landfill in the city of Campina Grande - PB, which uses a composition between two types of soils for the study layer. Initially, geotechnical, physical-chemical and mineralogical characterizations of these two types of soils were carried out, being called of Soil 1 that obtained in the area of the project and Soil 2 obtained in deposits in the municipality of Boa Vista - PB. The technique of factorial planning was applied in which the variables of the mixture were evaluated: energy of compaction, humidity and percentage of Soil 2. With this, it was possible to optimize the interaction process between the control variables and to reduce the number of tests performed . The central composite (plane model) and rotational central composite (curvature model) were used. To determine the permeability to water, the model that presented the best fit was selected according to the Akaike criterion (AiC), the sum of squares of the residuals (SQR) and the coefficient of determination (R²). The admissible K value was determined in accordance with requirements of the Environmental Protection Agency of the State of São Paulo (CETESB), the Brazilian Association of Technical Standards (ABNT) and the American Environmental Protection Agency (EPA). Soil 1 is a clayey poorly graded sand and Soil 2 is a material with smectite clayey minerals, with a Plasticity Index (PI) of 124%. The model that presented the best fit was the plan. K values were obtained: compaction energy of 0.476 MN.m / m³, humidity of 8.285% and Soil 2 percentage of 29.685%. Since Soil 1 has a high sand particle size (89.67%), the percentage of Soil 2 obtained for the mixture is required to fill the interstices of Soil 1, with sufficient moisture to lubricate the particles and sufficient compaction energy to provide the accommodation of these particles. With this, it was possible to obtain a suitable base layer for the sanitary landfill under study, meeting the requirements of water permeability according to national and international standards, allowing this study to be applied also to landfills with similar characteristics. redirecting the operation of these landfills.