Influência de elementos agrometeorológicos no rendimento da bananeira.

Abstract

The cultivation of banana in Brazil presents low levels of yield, and generally bad quality, due to the precarious structures of production and commercialization, low levels of technology resources applied in the crops and attack of pests and diseases. The need of the study on the production of the banana tree cultivation in Lagoa Seca city (State of Paraíba – Brazil) is evident, since the fruit growers of the region are changing from inefficient criteria related to irrigation to the modern ones, based on electronic and computerized equipment. Then, these studies can be used to a rational management of the irrigation, providing an improvement in yield and quality of the fruit, with a lower cost-of-production. The research aims to analyze the banana tree production in rainfed and irrigated conditions, in Lagoa Seca city, PB – Brazil and its relations with the agrometeorological elements. The experiment occurred in Estação Experimental de Lagoa Seca, located in this city, with 0,5 ha irrigated and 0,5 ha rainfed. The variety of banana used in the experiment was the cultivar tetraploid AAAB banana FHIA 18. The experiment was accomplished with organic cultivation methods, as to the fertilizations as to the phytosanitary treatments. During the experiment, the irrigation proceeded so that the amount of water used by the plants was replaced due to cultivation evapotranspiration So, the self-compensation micro irrigation system was used. For the growth analysis, the plant height, the pseudo stem diameter 0,20 m from the surface of the ground and the total Leaf Area Index (LAI) were analyzed. The monitoring of agrometeorological elements such as average, maximum and minimum air temperature, Global Irradiance, relative humidity, evapotranspiration, precipitation, wind speed were obtained in the meteorological station from Empresa Estadual de Pesquisa Agropecuária da Paraíba – EMEPA, situated 100 m from the experimental area. We observed that the edaphoclimatic conditions of Lagoa Seca city are suitable to the cultivation of FHIA 18, all agrometeorological elements were within the range considered acceptable for the appropriate farming development. The irrigated FHIA 18 ones obtained better results for growth characteristics such as, total Leaf Area Index, pseudo stem diameter and plants’ height. Moreover, They obtained 14,18% greater yield than the rainfed ones.