Cobrança pelo uso da água: análise dos impactos na pecuária e agroindústria leiteira e avaliação da aceitabilidade.

Abstract

During the ten years of implementation of its water legislation, Brazil started concerning more about factors and activities that increase water demands, causing problems of scarcity and degradation of this resource. Among the management mechanisms of this legislation, the charge for the use of water had a greater repercussion in the society, due to doubts about the destination and transparency in the application of the collected resources together with concerns about the burden of this charging to the final consumer. The main objective of this research is to simulate the charging for raw water withdrawal, evaluating its impacts in pecuary and milk agroindustry in the Paraíba River Basin and estimating the degree of acceptability by the society. The results have generated different charges for the sectors under study because of the use of three different databases (SACUA-PB, PDRH, and PERH), showing the problems with the data. The impacts on production cost as well as on pecuary and agroindustry profit can be considered low. The research also verified that the population of the basin has little knowledge and perception of the water-related problems. However, in general, the population is favorable to water charges with the objective of investing in construction works in the region and inducing the rational use. As for the preference about the complexity of the equations that will compose the water charging model, it has been verified that the Provisory Direction of the Paraíba River Basin Committee and AESA technicians prefer an advanced model.