Observações de oscilações na atmosfera utilizando dados de estações meteorológicas de superfície de aeroportos na Paraíba.

Abstract

This study investigated the occurrence of atmospheric oscillations in the the Brazilian equatorial region using wind, atmospheric pressure, and temperature data collected every minute during 2023 by surface meteorological stations (EMS) at the airports of João Pessoa (SBJP) and Campina Grande (SBKG). After data preprocessing, 80 days were selected based on the occurrence of oscillatory patterns and spectral filtering and statistical analysis were performed. Oscillations with periodicities between 1 and 7 hours were identified in 94% of these days. Considering simultaneity among the analyzed fields, 35 days (44.9%) exhibited consistent and statistically significant oscillations. These events occurred more frequently during the winter months, indicating a seasonal pattern that diverges from the literature, which correlates the occurrences to warmer periods in the region. The detected signals exhibited characteristics compatible with Easterly Wave Disturbances (DOL) and fast gravity waves, with an east-west propagation pattern observed between the two analyzed sites. The results reveal the occurrence of organized atmospheric oscillations in the region with high correlations among pressure, temperature, and wind, suggesting a local dynamic coupling of the atmosphere. These findings contribute to the understanding of regional atmospheric variability and provide a foundation for future investigations into the dynamics of atmospheric disturbances in tropical environments.