Intervenção do Estado na agricultura: estudo do plano regional de reforma agrária no Rio Grande do Norte.

Abstract

The main objective of this work is to deepen the discussions about state intervention in agriculture. In order to do so, we highlight, as object of study, the Regional Agrarian Reform School of Rio Grande do Norte - PRRA / RN, as part of the national project called National Piano for Agrarian Reform - PNRA, prepared and executed by the Government of President José Sarney in the period from 1986 to 1989. The choice of the aforementioned object of study was due to the fact that we had the opportunity to participate, as a technician, when passing through the organs: National Institute of Colonization and Agrarian Reform - INCRA , Land Institute of Rio Grande do Norte - ITERN and State Coordination of Agricultural Planning - CEP A of the PRRA / RN elaboration and implementation phase. The adopted methodology structures the work in six chapters, composing three main parts, determined by the specificity of their respective contents. The first part is composed of Chapters I and II, in which we present the agrarian question in the context of the transformations of the development of capitalism. In the first chapter, we sought to situate Agrarian Reform as a measure that adjusts the agrarian structure to the new requirements of agricultural production. We confront the Marxist approach, based on Marx, Kautsky and Lenin, with Chayanov's approach, in his work "The Organization of Peasant Economic Unity". In this context, the discussion of the feasibility of an Agrarian Reform for Brazil is included, which, consequently, encompasses the foregoing discussion the approval of the PRRA / RN in 1986. In Chapter II, we try to present a characterization of Agrarian Reform, based on concepts elaborated by some authors who work with the agrarian question in Brazil. Next, we seek to investigate the essence of the controversy surrounding the viability of an Agrarian Reform for Brazil and, finally, we seek to situate the elaboration of the PNRA within the economic and social political conjuncture of the beginning of the years eighty. The second part, composed of Chapters III, IV and V, deals, in general terms, with the presentation of the PRRA / RN and the conditions for its implementation, in terms of the availability of land for expropriation, from the examination of the land structure in the RN and the PRRA goals in that State. We also evaluated the performance of the Piano, highlighting some elements considered fundamental for discussion. In Chapter III, we present the PRRA / RN, where the main aspects of the Piano are highlighted and commented: a) Decree no. 92,681; b) the justification; c) objectives and goals; c) priority area (zone); e) scheduling of actions; f) basic infrastructure, support actions and cost estimates and g) emergency situations. Also in this chapter, the central aspects of Settlement policy are addressed, encompassing all stages of the Agrarian Reform proposal, elaborated by the State. Chapter IV consists of a detailed analysis of the land structure of the State of Rio Grande do Norte, based on two basic aspects, such as: concentration and degree of land use. The analysis has the objective of answering the following questions: a) Is there technical feasibility for the implementation of PRRA / RN? b) Do the goals correspond to the goals advocated? c) the implementation of the Piano would provoke repercussion at the political, economic and social levels? Once the PRRA / RN has been presented and the conditions of the land structure analyzed, it remains for us to evaluate the results of its implementation, which was carried out in Chapter V. First, we make a retrospective of the intervention of the State in the land structure of Rio Grande do Norte until the implementation of the current Piano, object of our study. Secondly, after the presentation, we investigated the results of the State intervention through the Reform, confronting the PRRA / RN data with the expropriations carried out. The third and last part is composed of Chapter VI and the final considerations. This is a critical analysis of the methodology used in drawing up the settlement projects and the operational results achieved by the beneficiary workers at the end of the PRRA / RN implementation period in 1989. We therefore evaluate the concrete results - in terms of economic, social and political restructuring of the agrarian space provided for in official government documents. Considering the analysis of these points, which compose the whole body of the dissertation, we intend to highlight some elements for a better understanding of the issues related to the possibilities of an Agrarian Reform, in the present conditions of development of capitalism in Brazilian agriculture.