A produção da existência em comunidades quilombolas do Amazonas: processos educativos e resistência cultural às margens do Rio Andirá, Barreirinha.

Abstract

The thesis is articulated with the Research Line State, Public Policies and Education Management of the Graduate Program in Education in the Amazon (PGEDA). The research in question aims to explain how the production of existence, as a material process of production of human formation, creates educational processes of cultural resistance in the Quilombola Communities of the Andirá River. The articulating axis of the research is configured in the connection between the categories Production of existence; Work; Culture; Quilombolas and Education. The process of human formation is configured by the exchange of the production of existence as a materiality of life, in this way the thesis signals that Quilombola School Education as a public policy of racial equality has been effective in the Quilombola Community Santa Tereza do Matupiri, in the municipality of Barreirinha, demonstrating that the struggle and resistance of the black social movement in Amazonas is historically presented as basic in the fulfillment of Law 10.639/2003, which mandates the teaching of African and Afro-Brazilian culture in schools, with Quilombola School Education as an institutional guideline that values this culture in traditional territories. The school exercises the social function of guaranteeing the right to education, however, there are contradictions in the presentation of curricular alternatives that start from a teaching system that outlines a movement against cultural resistance and an emancipatory education. Human formation from the historical point of view is articulated with a critical pedagogy that dialogues with the dimensions of material, cultural, economic and political life, opposing the logic of Capital. To contextualize the research, we first present Marx's conception of man, followed by the categories of work, alienation, reification and class struggle (MARX and ENGELS, 1998; SAVIANI, 2012), explains the relationship between culture and humanization (VIANA, 2018; GRAMSCI, 2002) and describes the historical context of work in the development of quilombos in Brazil, the relationship between certain social groups and the structure of political, historical and economic superiority imposed by the capitalist mode of production (MUNANGA, 1996; MOURA, 2014; MANOEL, 2020; IANNI, 1972). In the second moment, we consider the importance of work in the cultural formation of quilombola communities in Brazil and a delineation on the formation of quilombola communities in the Amazon, in addition to a study on the material process of human formation, that is, how the production of existence occurs in the quilombola territory of the Andirá River, more specifically in the Quilombola Community Santa Tereza do Matupiri (SAMPAIO, 2011; CAVALCANTE, 2015; RANCIARO, 2016), through the definitions of the concepts of work and culture, based on a Marxist theoretical framework. In the third moment, we will present the materiality of work as an educational principle in quilombola education (SAVIANI, 2003; MACIEL AND BRAGA, 2007; MALACHEN, 2015; ALMEIDA, 2019; MÉSZÁROS, 2008). For the analytical process, we used procedures derived from the historical-critical academic training method (MACIEL, BRAGA, 2008), and from historical-dialectical materialism (NETTO, 2011), as epistemic references of bibliographic and documentary data. The thesis leads to a critical analysis of social and human reality, which overcomes the appearance and falsification of history, considering the Marxist thought that reason itself has always walked with elements of emancipation, and that it is possible from this theory to think alternatives to the racial-class domination that historically victimizes the black working people.