Perfil epidemiológico dos acidentes ofídicos notificados de 2011 a 2023, no Estado da Paraíba, Nordeste do Brasil.

Abstract

Snakebites represent a significant public health problem in Brazil and in several regions of the world. In Brazil, four snake genera are of medical importance: Micrurus, Bothrops, Crotalus, and Lachesis. Despite their severity, aspects such as epidemiological investigation, timely access to treatment, and training of health professionals remain neglected by public policies. Underreporting is persistent in Brazil, especially in the Northeast region. In the state of Paraíba, there is a scarcity of epidemiological data, attributed to underreporting and limited access to health services. Given this context, this study aims to analyze the epidemiological profile of snakebites reported in Paraíba from 2011 to 2023. This is a descriptive study with a quantitative approach, based on secondary data from the Notifiable Diseases Information System (SINAN). During the period analyzed, 6,093 cases were recorded, with the highest concentration in the municipality of Campina Grande (41%). There was a predominance of male victims (73%), economically active, aged between 20 and 59 years (62.2%), and with low levels of education, especially those with incomplete high school (20.4%). The incidence was higher during the months with higher rainfall, indicating seasonality in the first half of the year. The Bothrops genus was responsible for 48.7% of cases, with a predominance of foot injuries (43.7%). Most victims sought care between 1 and 3 hours after the accident (37.1%). Although the majority of cases were classified as mild (59.5%), 31 deaths were recorded. Despite this, a high cure rate (78.3%) and considerable use of serum therapy (55.3%) were observed. It can be concluded that snakebite represents a social, environmental, and structural problem. Accidents predominantly occurred among men with low levels of education, living in rural areas, and during rainy seasons. Although recovery is prevalent, the number of deaths and delays in care highlight weaknesses in the healthcare system.It is concluded that snakebite represents a social, environmental, and structural problem. Accidents predominantly affect men with low levels of education, living in rural areas, and during rainy seasons. Although recovery is prevalent, the number of deaths and delays in care highlight weaknesses in the healthcare system. Underreporting and the concentration of records in urban centers compromise the reliability of data, reinforcing the need for integrated public policies focused on prevention, surveillance, and medical care.