Desinfestação dos explantes do sisal (Agave sisalana Perrine) para o cultivo in vitro.

Abstract

Sisal, or Agave sisalana Perrine is known throughout the world for its high fiber content, where it is applicable in a wide range of industries (automotive, chemical and civil). This Agavácea has extreme importance socioeconomic for the whole world, mainly for Brazil, which stands out as the largest exporter of sisal fibers in the world. The conventional propagation of this plant occurs through bulbs in its inflorescence phase, after eight to nine years of cultivation. In this context, the objective of this work was to disinfestation the Agave sisalana Perrine explants through the use of different fungicides and antibiotics for in vitro culture. The research was carried out in the Laboratory of Vegetable Tissue Culture of Embrapa Cotton, from October 2017 to May 2018. For disinfestation of the explants, the bulbs were washed in running water and neutral detergent, then left in a 4% (v / v) neutral detergent solution. After complete rinsing and in a laminar flow chamber, the explants were submerged in 70% (v / v) alcohol solution, then in 1% (v / v) formaldehyde solution and sodium hypochlorite solution (NaOCl ) to 2% (v / v). Afterwards, they were separated into apical buds and lateral buds, and then were submitted to nine treatments using antibiotics (0.01% (m / v)) and fungicides (0.3% (m / v)). They were then cultured in 1/2 MS basic medium supplemented with 1.5% glucose and 0.23% Phytagel® and pH adjusted to 5.7. The vials were stored at 25 ± 2 ° C under a photoperiod of 16 h light and light intensity of 30 μmol.m-2.s-1. Treatments were evaluated for survival and contamination of explants after 10, 20 and 30 days of culture. After the statistical analysis, it was observed that the time factor did not present significant difference, as much as the treatment factor presented. The treatment that showed the best result was the T4 Treatment (Euparen® fungicide and no antibiotic) with a disinfestation rate of 55.95% and a 40% live sprout rate. Thus, the use of antibiotics and fungicides in the same treatment is not effective for the disinfestation of explants, while the use in a separate way behaves efficiently