Tendência da energia estática mediante dados de reanálises do NCEP/NCAR.

Abstract

The objective of this study was to analyze aspects and trends of static atmospheric energy for the Globe, and especially about the North and Northeast of Brazil (NNEB), through the National Center for Atmospheric Research (National Center for Atmospheric Research) (HN), Southern Hemisphere (HS), Globe and NNEB, for the period of 30 years (1987-2016). Monthly data of surface pressure, air temperature, specific humidity and geopotential height data were used to calculate these energies and their vertical integration, extracted from NCEP / NCAR reanalyses and presented in table, graph and image forms. Statistical significance tests of Mann Kendall and Student t were applied to the series trends of the Northern Hemisphere, Southern Hemisphere, Globe and NNEB. The results show that the mean longitudinal distributions of the static energies present higher values in the tropical region and decrease towards the poles. The average vertical profiles of the static energies present in the north (south) polar region and average latitudes north (south), a relatively humid and near the saturation atmosphere, in relation to the tropical region and the NNEB. For the seasonal distribution of static energies for H.N and H.S, maximum (minimum) values are observed in the summer season (winter) and for the NNEB a maximum (minimum) variation in the rainy (less rainy) period. Positive trends are observed in the dry, wet and saturated static energy series for H.N., H.S., Globo and NNEB, where statistical tests indicate a statistical significance of 99% (α = 0,01) for the trends of 0,184; 0,288; 0,288 for H.N., 0,614; 0,235; 0,291 in H.S., 0,202; 0,276; 0,361 for the Globe and 0,178; 0,102; 0,534 kJ/m²/year for the NNEB. In the spatialization of trends for the Globe, there is significant coverage of areas with positive trends of up to 4.5 x 10² kJ/m²/year.